Table of selected handgun, submachine gun, rifle and machine gun cartridges by year.
| Name | Date | Nation | Size Metric |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .22 Short | 1857 | USA | Oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today | |
| .577 Snider | 1866 | England | 14.5x51mm Rimmed | The first black powder cartridge for British military use. |
| .50 Remington (M71 Army) | 1867 | USA | 12.7mm | .508 |
| .450 Boxer/.450 Revolver/.450 Adams | 1868 | United Kingdom | 10.75x58mm Rimmed | Designed by American inventor/soldier Hiram Berdan, adpopted by Russia in trapdoor 1868 and turnbolt 1870 Berdan Rifles. Also known as the .42 Berdan or 4.2 Line Berdan. |
| .44 S&W (Smith & Wesson) | 1869 | USA | 11.0x29mm Rimmed | - |
| .577/450 Martini-Henry | 1871 | England | 11.43x60R (61R)mm Rimmed | The second black powder cartridge for British military use. Evolved from the .577 Snider, lengthened and necked down to .45 (nominal) caliber. Used in the Martini rifles from 1871 to the present. |
| 11x60mm Mauser | 1871 | Germany | 11x60mm Rimmed | The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the unified German Army, it was used in the 1871 and 1871/84 rifles. |
| .50-90 Sharps | 1872 | USA | - | The mainstay of the American bison (buffalo) hunter |
| .45-70 Government | 1873 | USA | - | One of the oldest centerfire cartridges still in commercial production |
| .44-40 Winchester | 1873 | USA | - | .427 |
| .45 Colt | 1873 | USA | 11.58x32mm | Used in both pistol and rifle, sometimes referred to as .45 Long Colt or .45 LC |
| 11mm Gras | 1874 | France | 11x59mm Rimmed | The first French brass cartridge for military use |
| .32 S&W (Smith & Wesson) | 1878 | USA | - | - |
| .476 Enfield | 1880 | United Kingdom | 11.6mm | also known as .476 Eley |
| 11x60mm Murata | 1880 | Japan | 11 x 60mm Rimmed | The first black powder cartridge adopted in large numbers by the Japanese Army, it was used in the Murata rifle, a hybrid of French Gras and German Mausers 1871 and 1871/84 rifles. |
| .32-20 Winchester | 1882 | USA | - | - |
| .38-55 Winchester | 1884 | USA | - | - |
| 8x50R mm Lebel | 1886 | France | 8x50mm Rimmed | Adapted from the 11mm Gras. The first smokeless powder cartridge for military use, started the small-bore smokeless revolution |
| .22 Long Rifle | 1887 | USA | Most common cartridge in the world (by units sold) | |
| 8x53Rmm Murata | 1880 | Japan | 8x53mm Rimmed | A necked-down version of the 11mm Murata cartridge. |
| .30-40 Krag | 1892 | USA | .308 7.82mm |
- |
| .38 S&W (Smith & Wesson) | 1877 | USA | 4th/5th Oldest commercial cartridge being loaded today | |
| .38 Long Colt | 1877 | USA | 9.65mm | -a.k.a. .38 LC |
| 7.92 x 57 mm Mauser | 1888 | Germany | 7.92x57mm | a.k.a. 8x57mm Mauser and 8mm Mauser |
| .455 Webley | 1889 | United Kingdom | 11.5mm | year of approval |
| 7.5 x 55 Schmidt Rubin | 1889 | Switzerland | 7.5x55mm | a.k.a. GP-11 |
| 7.62x54mmR | 1891 | Russia | 7.62x54mm | Oldest cartridge still in official military use, used in SVD Dragunov with Russia and the PSL rifles with many other countries. |
| .303 British | 1889 | Britain | 7.7x56mm | |
| 9 x 57 Mauser | 1890s | Germany | 9.06x56.8mm | - |
| 7 x 57 mm Mauser | 1892 | Germany | 7x57mm | - |
| 7.63 x 25 mm Mauser | 1893 | Germany | 7.62x25mm | Based on 7.65x25mm Borchardt; most famous for use in Mauser C96 pistol. Basis for 7.62x25mm Tokarev round. |
| 6.5 x 55 mm | 1895 | Union of Sweden and Norway | 6.5x55mm | - |
| .30-30 Winchester | 1895 | USA | - | First smokeless cartridge designed for big game hunting |
| .450 Nitro Express | 1895 | United Kingdom | J. Rigby smokeless cartridge based upon .450 Black Powder Express | |
| .32 S&W Long (Smith & Wesson | 1896 | USA | - | long .32 S&W |
| 6.5 mm Arisaka | 1897 | Japan | 6.5x50mm | - |
| 7.65mm Browning | 1899 | Belgium | - | .32 ACP |
| 7.65 mm Parabellum | 1900 | Germany | - | Also .30 Parabellum or .30 Para and (wrongly) .30 Luger |
| .450 | circa 1900 | United Kingdom | bottle necked cartridge for the Webley-Mars Automatic Pistol | |
| 9x19mm Parabellum | 1902 | Germany | 9x19mm | 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Para, or (incorrectly) 9mm Luger |
| .38 Special | 1902 | USA | - | - |
| .600 Nitro Express | 1903 | United Kingdom | Jeffrey, 900-grain (58 g) bullet 1,950 ft/s (590 m/s) at muzzle | |
| .45 ACP | 1905 | USA | 11.43x23mm | Automatic Colt Pistol, first self-loading U.S. Army pistol round |
| 9.3 x 62 mm | 1905 | Germany | Designed by Otto Bock for use in magazine rifles, e.g. Mauser 98, for African game | |
| .32 Winchester Self-Loading | 1905 | USA | - | a.k.a .32 WSL or .32 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle |
| .35 Winchester Self-Loading | 1905 | USA | - | a.k.a .35 WSL or .35 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1905 rifle |
| .351 Winchester Self-Loading | 1906 | USA | - | a.k.a. .351 WSL or .351 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1907 rifle |
| .35 Remington | 1906 | USA | - | - |
| .25 ACP | 1906 | USA | 6.35mm | - |
| .30-06 Springfield | 1906 | USA | 7.62x63mm | - |
| .470 Nitro Express | 1907 | Britain | - | Joseph Lang |
| .44 Special | 1908 | USA | - | - |
| 2 mm Kolibri | 1910 | USA | 2mm | Smallest round ever manufactured |
| .401 Winchester Self-Loading | 1910 | USA | 10.31x38mm | a.k.a. .401 WSL or .401 SL. Only chambered commercially in the Winchester Model 1910 and the Belgian Clement-Neumann rifle |
| 9mm Browning Short | 1912 | Belgium | - | also called .380 Automatic & .380 ACP |
| .375 Flanged Holland & Holland | 1912 | England | - | Rimmed cartridge for double-guns that became, with addition of a headspacing belt for magazine rifles, the .375 H&H Magnum |
| .250-3000 Savage | 1915 | USA | - | 3000 ft/s (910 m/s) |
| .300 Savage | 1920 | USA | - | - |
| .50 BMG | 1921 | USA | 12.7x99mm | used in Heavy Machine Guns and anti-materiel rifles |
| 7.5×57mm MAS mod. 1924 | 1924 | France | 7.8x57mm | 7.5×54mm French used in fusil-mitrailleur mle 1924 |
| .270 Winchester | 1925 | USA | - | - |
| .38 Super Auto | 1929 | USA | - | a.k.a. .38 Super and .38 Colt Auto |
| .22 Hornet | 1930 | USA | - | First centerfire cartridge widely adapted for varminting |
| 7.92 DS | 1934 | Poland | 7.92x107mm | Used for kbk ppanc wz.35 anti-tank rifle |
| .357 Magnum | 1935 | USA | - | Lengthened .38 Special, most powerful handgun round after .44 Walker |
| .220 Swift | 1935 | USA | - | - |
| .348 Winchester | 1936 | USA | - | One of the most powerful rimmed cartridges ever used in a lever rifle.[citation needed] |
| 7.92mm Kurz | 1938 | Germany | - | first assault rifle round, used in MKb 42 |
| 6.5 x 68 | 1939 | Germany | - | - |
| 8 x 68 S | 1939 | Germany | - | - |
| .218 Bee | 1938 | USA | - | - |
| 7.7mm Arisaka | 1939 | Japan | - | - |
| .30 Carbine | 1940 | USA | 7.62x33mm | - |
| 7.62 x 39 mm | 1943 | USSR | - | .311, based on 7.92mm Kurz |
| .280 British | 1948 | United Kingdom | 7mm | also known as 7mm FN Short, intermediate round adopted in 1951 |
| .222 Remington | 1950 | USA | - | - |
| 7.62x51mm | 1950 | Belgium/USA | - | NATO (1953), T65 .308 |
| .308 Winchester | 1955 | USA | - | Civilian 7.62mm NATO |
| .44 Remington Magnum | 1955 | USA | - | Long .44 Special |
| .223 Remington | 1955 | USA | - | Long .222 Remington |
| .243 Winchester | 1955 | USA | 6x51mm | .308 Winchester necked down to 6mm |
| .458 Winchester Magnum | 1956 | USA | - | - |
| .280 Remington | 1957 | USA | - | from .30-06 |
| .460 Weatherby | 1958 | USA | .458 11.63mm |
- |
| .454 Casull | 1959 | USA | - | Long .45 Colt, most powerful handgun round until 1990s |
| 5.56 × 45 mm NATO | 1960 | USA | - | - |
| .256 Winchester Magnum | 1962 | USA | - | formed from .357 Magnum |
| 7 mm Remington Magnum | 1962 | USA | - | - |
| .221 Remington Fireball | 1963 | USA | - | - |
| .300 Winchester Magnum | 1963 | USA | - | - |
| .41 Remington Magnum | 1964 | USA | - | - |
| .444 Marlin | 1964 | USA | - | long .44 Magnum, actual bore .429 |
| .22-250 Remington | 1965 | USA | - | Varminter |
| 5 mm Remington Rimfire Magnum | 1970 | USA | 5mm (.2045) | |
| .44 AMP | 1971 | USA | - | .429 |
| .30 Herrett | 1973 | USA | - | short .30-30 Winchester |
| 5.45 x 39 mm M74 | 1974 | USSR | - | AK-74, .215 |
| .22 PPC | 1974 | USA | - | - |
| 6 mm PPC | 1975 | USA | - | from .22 PPC, .243 |
| 6.5 mm JDJ | 1978 | USA | - | From .225 case |
| .45 Winchester Magnum | 1979 | USA | - | long .45 ACP |
| 5.56mm SS–109 | 1979 | Belgium | - | NATO (1980), 2nd gen. |
| 7 mm-08 Remington | 1980 | USA | - | .308 Winchester case necked down to 7mm (.284") |
| 10 mm Auto | 1983 | Sweden | - | - |
| .338 Lapua Magnum | 1983 | Finland | 8.6x70mm | Designed for military sniper rifles |
| .32 H&R Magnum | 1984 | USA | - | long .32 S&W Long |
| .41 Action Express | 1986 | USA | - | Action Express |
| 5.6mm GP 90 | 1987 | Switzerland | 5.6×45mm | for SIG-Sauer 550, 551, and 552 |
| 5.8mm DBP87 | 1987 | China | 5.8×42mm | - |
| .416 Remington Magnum | 1988 | USA | - | - |
| .50 AE | 1988 | USA | - | for IMI Desert Eagle |
| .40 S&W | 1990 | USA | - | - |
| 5.7x28mm | 1990 | Belgium | 5.7x28mm | Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by FN Herstal in conjunction with the FN P90 personal defense weapon and FN Five-seven pistol |
| .307 Winchester | 1982 | USA | - | Rimmed version of the .308 Winchester, for use in lever-action rifles |
| .700 Nitro Express | 1988 | Britain | - | Big game cartridge |
| .224 Boz | - | Britain | - | 5.56x23mm, in 10mm case |
| .357 SIG | 1994 | Germany/USA | - | |
| .400 Corbon | 1997 | USA | - | .45ACP necked down to .40 caliber |
| .450 Marlin | 2000 | USA | - | Derived from .45-70 |
| 4.6x30mm | 2000 | Germany | - | Bottlenecked high velocity PDW cartridge designed by Heckler & Koch in conjunction with the Heckler & Koch MP7 personal defense weapon |
| .480 Ruger | 2001 | USA | - | Derived from .475 Linebaugh |
| .300 WSM | 2001 | USA | - | Winchester Short Magnum |
| .408 Chey Tac | 2001 | USA | - | Used in Cheyanne Tactical's M200 Intervention, and M310 rifles |
| .270 WSM | 2002 | USA | - | Winchester Short Magnum |
| 7 mm WSM | 2002 | USA | - | Winchester Short Magnum |
| .32 NAA | 2002 | USA | - | North American Arms |
| .400 H&H Magnum | 2003 | England | - | - |
| .465 H&H Magnum | 2003 | England | - | - |
| 6.5 Grendel | 2003 | USA | 6.5x39mm | Developed by Alexander Arms as a "low recoil, high accuracy, long-range cartridge for the AR-15 platform." |
| 6.8 mm Remington SPC | 2003 | USA | 6.8x43mm | Developed by Remington with members of 5th Special Forces Group |
| .223 WSSM | 2003 | USA | - | Winchester Super Short Magnum |
| .243 WSSM | 2003 | USA | - | Winchester Super Short Magnum |
| .45 GAP | 2003 | Austria | - | Glock Automatic Pistol |
| .500 S&W Magnum | 2003 | USA | - | One of the most powerful handgun-specific cartridges. |
| .204 Ruger | 2004 | USA | 5.18mm | |
| .25 WSSM | 2004 | USA | 6.35mm | Winchester Super Short Magnum |
| .325 WSM | 2005 | USA | 8x53mm | Winchester Short Magnum |
| .460 S&W Magnum | 2005 | USA | Revolver cartridge for handgun hunting | |
| .416 Barrett | 2006 | USA | 10.3mm | Designed as an alternative to the .50BMG for sniper rifles. |
| .308 Marlin Express | 2006 | USA | 7.62x48mm (unofficial) | Based upon a slightly shortened .307 Winchester cases with FTX bullets and special poweder to approach .308 Winchester ballistics from a Marlin lever action rifle. |
| .700 Hubel Express | 2007 | USA | - | Dangerous game round |
| .17 Remington Fireball | 2007 | USA | 4.368 | high-performance approx 4,000 ft/s (1,200 m/s) in a small case |
| .327 Federal Magnum | 2008 | USA | 7.9mm | |
| 300 AAC Blackout | 2011 | USA | 7.62x35mm |
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